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9.2 Weather Hazards

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       Hello class, today I have chosen to discuss thunderstorms for the weather hazard.  Thunderstorm (n.d.) explained that thunderstorms are formed by a process called convection  which is defined as the transport of heat energy. In the first stage, moistur e must be present for clouds and then warm air rises, gets cooled, and the water vapor condenses into droplets (Thunderstorm, n.d.).  The next part is for more air to be lifted and this is done by convections, fronts, low pressure systems, and other  surface weather systems (Thunderstorm, n.d.).  When precipitation begins then rain, snow, or hail will drop and cool the surrounding air  (Thunderstorms, n.d.). Then, friction from ice can create a static charge which will later grow and release ele ctrical discharges (Thunderstorm, n.d.).  I chose this hazard because of the danger that it brings to pilots. Danger (n.d.)  explains other hazards that go along with thunderstorms. The first is severe turbulence which is a  mix of air mov
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Jean-Cole 8.2 ATC Entities

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       There are several entities in air traffic control but the two I will be talking about  are the  Approach and Departure  Co ntrol and  Air Route Traffic Control . Approach/Departure control has their first duty of dealing with the traffic that wants to land at the airport and depart it.  Once departed, the controller can hand the aircraft off  to the next control facility if they are in IFR conditions or if they are in VFR and want flight following to their destination.  When an aircraft wishes to land ,  the  controller's  duty is to make sure that it is clear for them to land an d keep the approach clear for the aircraft first in line. They  also need to make sure that the pilots know information such as wind, altimeter settings, and visibility .  Once the aircraft has landed and cleared the runway, they can get transferred to ground control to taxi to th eir destination.        The next entity ARTCC is very essential and is one of the busiest  duties to have.  It has 22 fa
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  There are multiple hazards that exists in aviation. A big environmental  impact is wildlife and how it has caused trouble for pilots. There have been  tons of wildlife strikes where animals have collided with airplanes which cause things like broken windows, en gine failures and major structural damage. The damage depends on many different factors but this en vironmental impact is still very hazardous.  I have also seen things such as a fox, rabbit and even a dog run on a runway and almost  get hit by an airplane. This would also cause major damage to the animal and could be worse for the airplane.   One way to try and reduce this issue is to design safer air routes that will try to avoid wildlife areas at certain altitudes (AERTEC ,  2019).  Some routes may have planes depart at low altitudes that are too close to wildlife. If they could be able to avoid that area and have more time to make a safe climb then it could help avo id any collisions. AERTEC (2019) states that  tests are b
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Jean-Cole The Air Commerce Act of 1926

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     The legislative act that I have chosen is The Air Commerce Act of 1926. I chose this because of the impact that it had in aviation. The act established federal regulations regarding aircraft, airmen, navigational facilities and the establishment of air traffic regulations (Air, n.d.). Air (n.d.) states, aircraft were required to be inspected for airworthiness, and were required to have markings placed on the outside of the aircraft for identification. It is very important that air traffic regulations were established because it creates a safer means of flying. Aircraft requiring to be inspected for airworthiness is also critical because of all the many ways that aircraft can have issues or bring them. If they need to be inspected then the rate and chances that an issue appears will decrease.    The act also had new airports built, along with new regulations on altitude separation (Air, n.d.). Aircraft separation was made for a safe difference in altitude and if any issue was to ap
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Human Factors Challenges

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       Human factors are important because they can have effects during different  moments and they could be catastrophic. Human factors include emoti on, fatigue, stress, and other disturbances and interruptions that can make a bad outcome.  PHAK (2016) states that human factors contribute to many aviation accidents and have caused more than 70 percent. Human factors  can   affect  multiple groups like pilots, maintenance, and air traffic control.  There are many forms of human factors and people need to be prepared and trained to face these trials during their life and know how to react or handle them c orrectly.       I have heard a lot of storie s that have to do with hazardous attitudes. There are many pilots and mechanics who have a macho or anti-authority attitude towards a lot of people because they always  want to feel like they know exactly what they are doing. They never want help because they think that they are the big ones  on the job and never need help while also thinki
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Jean-Cole Aviation Security

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       Impersonation i s an emerging threat in aviation that still happens today.  In the past decade there have been cases of people trying to impersonate a pilot.  One report explains how  a man was arrested for trying to impersonate a pilot. He got passed security but was caught once he boarded the airplane . A boarding agent caught him sitting next to the cockpit of the plane and then called the police.  The imposter had fake identification cards which is why he was able to get passed security easily.       There was another case of a man impersonating ATC. This person managed to get in the tower and  started working but was caught because of a pilot reporting strange behavior from this person.  It was never clear with either of these cases what the impersonators main objectives were.  It is scary to board a flight and know nothing about your pilots.  Their objective could have been to cause harm or death to people by crashing the airplane.  With a fake identity a lack of security
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Landing Gear Failures

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                                             A landing gear failure is nothing to take lightly. It has caused multiple accidents and deaths over the years. There have been many studies on why landing gears fail to extend or retract. Common causes for landing gear failures include improper installation, lack of hydraulic fluid, failure of electrical wire connections, and improperly secured parts. These are just a few examples of the causes of a landing gear failure.   Once the pilot knows that the  airplane's  landing gear cannot  retract , the best thing to do i s return to the airport as soon as possible or the flight and feel of the airplane would be  quite different .   If the landing gear  fails to  extend, then there are a few options to  attempt . One  option  is to  dive   the  air plane and then execute a rapid accent. This will create a big G- l oad f actor  and it makes the landing gear weigh more than usual which could result in forcing the landing gear to extend.  Anot
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